Ridge beams and ridge boards are both located at the apex of the roof but are used for different applications and serve different purposes. Here is a link to a video where one of our of territory managers demonstrates the differences using a model.
A ridge beam is a structural member used to support the ends of the roof joists at the ridge, transferring it's loads to posts or gable end walls. Ridge beams are required by code if the roof slope is less than 3:12 (IRC section R802.4.4) and/or if there is not adequate thrust resistance (ceiling joists). For ridge beam sizing see Ridge Beam Sizing Calculator or ForteWEB®.
A ridge board is a non-structural member that serves as a 'prop' for opposing rafters to rest against and connect to. Ridge boards can only be used in roofs with slopes from 3:12 up to 12:12. Ridge boards shall be at least 1 inch nominal thickness and not less in depth than the cut end of the rafter (IRC section R802.3).
Chapter 8 of the International Residential Code (IRC) prescribes the elements for a type of roof frame known as a 'compression roof'. The figure below shows components that must be considered when designing this type of roof.
Figure R802.4.5 - Braced Rafter Construction
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